Double Layers in the Earth's Bow Shock

We present Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electrostatic double layers in quasi-perpendicular Earth's bow shock. These have predominantly parallel electric field with amplitudes up to 100 mV/m, spatial widths 50-700 m, and plasma frame speeds within km/s. The potential drop across a single layer is 2-7% the cross-shock de Hoffmann-Teller occurs over scale ten Debye lengths or one tenth electron inertial length. Some can width 70 30% potential. temperature variation observed roughly consistent their drop. While heating shock due quasi-static frame, these show that also increase Debye-scale structures.